PhenotypicFeature

This element is intended to be used to describe a phenotype that characterizes the subject of the Phenopacket. For medical use cases the subject will generally be a patient or a proband of a study, and the phenotypes will be abnormalities described by an ontology such as the Human Phenotype Ontology. The word phenotype is used with many different meanings including disease entity, but in this context we mean An individual phenotypic feature, observed as either present or absent (excluded), with possible onset, modifiers and frequency.

Data model

Field Type Multiplicity Description
description string optional human-readable verbiage NOT for structured text
type OntologyClass 1..1 term denoting the phenotypic feature. REQUIRED.
excluded boolean 0..1 defaults to false
severity OntologyClass 0..1 description of the severity of the feature described in type. For instance terms from HP:0012824
modifiers list of OntologyClass 0..* For instance one or more terms from HP:0012823
onset TimeElement 0..1 Age or time at which the feature was first observed.
resolution TimeElement 0..1 Age or time at which the feature resolved or abated.
evidence Evidence 0..* the evidence for an assertion of the observation of a type. RECOMMENDED.

Example

The following example specifies recurrent Infantile spasms, which had onset at age 6 months and resolved at age 4 years and 2 months.

phenotypicFeature:
    type:
        id: "HP:0012469"
        label: "Infantile spasms"
    modifiers:
        - id: "HP:0031796"
        label: "Recurrent"
    onset:
        age:
            iso8601duration: "P6M"
    resolution:
        age:
            iso8601duration: "P4Y2M"

Explanations

description

This element represents a free-text description of the phenotype. It should not be used as the primary means of describing the phenotype, but can be used to supplement the record if ontology terms are not sufficiently able to capture all the nuances. In general, the type and onset etc… fields should be used for this purpose, and this field is a last resort.

type

The element represents the primary ontology class which describes the phenotype. For example Craniosynostosis (HP:0001363).

excluded

This element is a flag to indicate whether the phenotype was observed or not. The default is ‘false’, in other words the phenotype was observed. Therefore it is only required in cases to indicate that the phenotype was looked for, but found to be absent.

severity

This element is an ontology class that describes the severity of the condition e.g. subclasses of Severity (HP:0012824) or SNOMED:272141005-Severities

modifiers

This element is a list of ontology class elements that can be empty or contain one or more ontology terms that are intended to provide more expressive or precise descriptions of a phenotypic feature, including attributes such as positionality and external factors that tend to trigger or ameliorate the feature. Terms can be taken from the hierarchy of Clinical modifier in the HPO (noting that severity should be coded in the severity element).

onset

This element can be used to describe the age at which a phenotypic feature was first noticed or diagnosed. For many medical use cases, either the Age sub-element or an ontology class (e.g., from the HPO Onset (HP:0003674) terms) will be used.

resolution

This element can be used to describe the age or time when a phenotypic feature resolved (disappeared, got better). In the example shown above, infantile spasms no longer occured after the age of 4 years and 2 months.

evidence

This element is recommended and contain one or more Evidence elements that specify how the phenotype was determined.